In today's dazzling book sea, the one that directly influences the people's desire for purchase is the content of books, and the second is the binding format of books. Books are both commodities and cultures. Therefore, a line, a line of words, a piece of color, an abstract symbol must achieve the perfect combination of form and content. The external cover, cover, and cover of the book; the internal ring lining, title page, text, illustrations, and copyright pages; the books, materials, scripts, printing, binding, etc. all constitute the systematic project of books.
The "Best Book of America" awards committee in Europe believes: "The most beautiful books must have appropriate typefaces, as well as beautiful layouts including cover pages and appendices. All parts of the books must be properly designed and meet aesthetic requirements. A whole includes elements such as paper, seals, covers, linings, and printing. It becomes a harmonious unit and feels convenient when used."
Lu Xun saw the book as a perfect whole, so from illustrations, covers, inscriptions, decorations, layouts, to paper, binding, and trimming at the edges of books are all very carefully studied. In particular, he is well-versed in platemaking technology and printing technology, and has many unique features in the organic combination of color, printing, and line graphics.
I often browse various types of book publications in bookstores to analyze the use of various printing techniques in bookbinding and production. This article analyzes some examples.
First, on the use of two-color printing and color filter
The text of dictionary books, especially foreign language books, is often printed in two colors. But most of the use of two-color printing is just to make the layout colorful and beautiful. Only a few dictionaries are equipped with filters in the book. The color filter is very light, can not only bookmark, but also make the content of the book more practical, increase the use of features. At present, few books are used on the binding of books, and even if they are a few books, they are often not ideal enough.
Second, on the design of cross-page
Now many books and periodicals have spread pages. The most frequently used pages are the two-page and double-page spreads, followed by the third page and the last page, and there are cross pages between book blocks. The cross-page design can make the picture more pleasing to the eye, but the two pages of the cross-page require uniform color, accurate overprint, and high positioning requirements after opening. Therefore, the effect of cross-page is very much related to the printing technology and the binding process.
In general, the cover of the book is better than the book block paper, and the leaflet is the same as the book block. During the printing process, a 16-page open-size book has its front cover, back cover, cover 2 and cover three or four pages assembled into a four-page self-reflection, printed on a four-color four-color offset press, and the title page is paired with other text content. The printing plate is printed on the offset printing machine. The color of the printed matter is directly related to the enlargement rate of the printing dot area and the density of the printing ink layer. The printing equipment, the captain's technology and the ability to judge visually, the whiteness, smoothness, and absorbability of the printed paper will affect the color effect of the printed matter. If some small-scale printing plants use cover or book blocks to print from other factories due to equipment limitations, the different print suitability of different factories such as ink transparency, gray scale, and color rendering will further aggravate the color difference between pages of two pages. .
Closure of the third page and the last page of the same page face the same problem. Therefore, we recommend the following when printing:
(1) It is required to use the same brand of paper as possible on the front cover and inside pages.
(2) If the cost of the book is poor, for example, if the paper for book block is rather poor, for example, offset paper or even writing paper, then the page at the cross-page can be considered to use the same paper as the cover directly, and it is on the same side with the seal. Printing on the plate, the color effect will remain uniform. However, it is necessary to take into account that the front cover and the back cover of the front cover and the back cover of the front cover and the back cover of a total of six pages constitute a pair of open printing plates, which wastes an eight-page two-page paper, and may consider adding another one for the third and the last page. Page, or directly add a positive and negative printed inserts, in order to make the most reasonable use of the cost. Of course, with this arrangement, the cost of binding will increase slightly, because the title page, insert or the last page must be affixed to the book block and the cover as a single page, and the cover paper must not exceed 200 grams of double copper. not effectively.
(3) If the cover paper is different from the paper used for the cover book block, the color of the screen should not be designed to use a blue-violet series that is likely to produce a significant color difference. The blue-purple series is the most difficult to grasp the color uniformity of the printing, and even has the title of “ghost blue”.
(4) The cross-page page size should be combined with the bookbinding form. Consider the currently used book binding methods such as saddle stitching, sewing thread binding, glue binding, and line glue binding. Saddle stitching is generally used for book binding below 36 pages, and the number of thin paper pages can be more, such as 128 grams of coated paper up to 42 pages. Saddle stitching is not only cheap, but its pages can be fully spread out, especially for cross-page design, with good reading results. The sewing thread is firm, thick and thin books are suitable, and when reading the book pages can be fully spread out, it is also very suitable for cross-page design, if you spread across multiple pages, you can also manually lock each line of each book, so that each book The middle two pages are designed to be spread across pages, and the results are very good. Of course, the cost of binding will increase.
Adhesive binding is to glue the signatures on the spine after clamping. In order to increase the contact area between the glue and the paper, increase the amount of glue, and improve the fastness of the glue, the spine must be back-blasted before brushing. Therefore, the glue can penetrate into the book's mouth after brushing. The depth of milling and backing is related to the glue binding equipment of various printing plants, and is related to the thickness of the books and the type of paper. Increased paper thickness, or increased book thickness, increased hair depth. Therefore, glued books cannot be fully read when they are read. The thicker the book, the more part is covered in the middle when spread out, so the cross-page design of glued books must consider the thickness of the book. Generally: The roughening depth is 3 mm under normal conditions (about 300 pages, 108 g coated paper).
The standard width of the adhesive glue applied to the cover is 6 mm, so leave 6 mm for the two-page spreader of the front cover and the front leaf, and the back cover and the last page spread. However, the position of the double-page book in the book block can only be set about 3 mm each, leaving much to open and easy to reveal, which greatly affects the appearance of the cross-page; some customers simply simply set the mouth. Without leaving any blank space, the contents of the cross-pages appear to be interrupted when reading, especially in maps. This is very taboo. I believe that reading can be done with force to open both sides of the page to both sides so that the spread is integrated. This is not a rigorous approach. Readers often try to tear the page apart to see the content of blocked pages, resulting in page breaks or paper. Face torn and so on. Therefore, it is recommended to use glue for books that have cross-page books within the book block, because the book blocks can be glued when they are barely trimmed after being locked by the sewing line. When the books and books are read, they can be turned open and spread. You don't have to set aside an order.
Third, on the design of the insert
The design of inserts is mainly considered from the cost of printing and binding. Some books and periodicals use one or more inserts of the same size as the book block. In this case, the interleaf papers generally use coated paper, which is different from the book block paper. Others use inserts that are narrower than the book block. Hourly insert sheets are usually the same as the book block sheets.
1. Consider reducing costs from printing:
At present, domestic printers generally use two sizes of full-sheet paper: 787mm * 1092mm size of small paper, also known as standard paper, 889mm * 1194mm large paper. There are also individual book printing companies that have other specifications such as 850mm*1168mm and 880mm*1230mm.
Need to add instructions: the paper in the printing process must also be pre-printed light edge trim (each side of 3mm), therefore, 787mm * 1092mm size of the paper after removing the raw edge of the paper after the net size of 780 mm * 1080 mm, and finally in the finished product Cut also requires a minimum cut edge of 3mm, so 16 open finished product size is 195 mm*290 mm; 889mm*1194mm large size paper removes raw edges after paper size 880mm *1190mm, 16 open finished size is 210 mm*285mm . When printing, leave a bite (about 8mm), and if it is a color printing, set the position of the reticle (about 5mm). Therefore, the net size of the graphic area must be reasonably calculated.
The number of pages of the book block should be able to spell the whole printing plate number. That is, eight 16-on or sixteen-two 32-page numbers are combined to form a split printing plate. On the power-on printing, four 16-on or eight 32-page printing codes are combined to form a four-up printing plate to be printed on the four starter. If the number of pages is too small to complete an entire plate, it will be filled with white paper when printing, and the blank page number will be cut off before the folding, of course, a waste of paper.
If the insert sheet is not at the same time as the cover and the book block, the number of sheets in the insert must be taken into consideration when designing the insert sheet number. The method is the same as above, and the number of pages is designed to be a multiple of four. If the number of pages is small, it will not result in a whole plate, which will lead to waste of paper.
If the interleaf paper is the same as the book block paper, although the interleaf page is narrower than the book block page size, it can be printed on the same plate with the page number of the book block. Pages and binding can be. Therefore, the number of interleaved page numbers plus the number of book block pages should be able to be used as a whole printing plate to prevent waste of paper. Some books and magazines use a special script size, and the size of the printing plate should also be taken into account when designing the number of pages so as to avoid unnecessary paper waste.
2. Consider reducing costs from binding:
Bookbinding costs are divided into two categories: fold fees and book charges. The folding fee is calculated by the signature of the book, and the paper printed by one printing plate is folded into a post. One-page inserts are additionally affixed to the signatures by machines or by hand, and the cost of the other pages is affixed; multi-page inserts can be folded into signatures by a folding machine, and the folding fee is also included. Therefore, the book block before inserting and the book block after inserting must be folded separately. To save the cost, it is better to make the number of book blocks on the front and back of the insert exactly the whole number of the printed sheets. Otherwise, it will increase the cost, and it will also make the production. Extended duration.
Author: FEDERATION Source: Chinese Version
